IDE/ATA Configuration and Cabling

From: Subject: IDE/ATA Configuration and Cabling Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2005 02:40:13 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01C602B3.351F19B0"; type="text/html" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4925.2800 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C602B3.351F19B0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/if/ide/confRecommendations-c.html IDE/ATA Configuration and Cabling

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Based on the IDE/A= TA=20 configuration performance factors outlined in this section, I = have=20 identified what I think are sensible configuration options for = setting up=20 IDE channels for different hard disk and ATAPI = device combinations. These recommendations are oriented = towards=20 maximizing overall system performance, and are based primarily on = my=20 experience and understanding of the IDE/ATA interface and the way = most=20 people use their systems.

The following is a list of assumptions and notes regarding = these=20 recommended configurations:=20

Systems vary more today in terms of how many IDE/ATA = channels they=20 have, and of what type, than ever before. I cannot list every = possible=20 configuration, and I certainly am not going to bother with the = ones that=20 obviously make no sense.=20
The best setup depends to a great extent on the needs of the = individual, so use the recommendations on this page as = guidelines=20 only. Do what works for you.=20
If at all possible, the best configuration is always to have = each=20 device on a separate channel. Of course, not all channels are = created=20 equal. Hard disks and faster ATAPI devices should always be on a = channel=20 connected to the PCI bus (or VLB for 486-class systems). Older = or slower=20 ATAPI devices like slower CD-ROMs or tape drives can be = connected to an=20 ISA-bus tertiary channel such as the one on a sound card, though = this is=20 still usually not optimal.=20
I am assuming that the channels on the motherboard, and any = channels=20 on an add-in controller, have the same support for transfer = modes and=20 hard disk size. If an add-in card is installed in an older = system to=20 provide support for faster transfer=20 modes not supported by the integrated controllers, or to get = around=20 a hard = disk size=20 barrier, then newer, larger drives should be connected to = those=20 channels, and the built in controllers used for older devices. = Note that=20 booting from a drive connected to an add-in card may require a = change to=20 the BIOS = boot=20 sequence setting. See=20 here for more.=20
Some people are most concerned with absolute performance, = and are=20 willing to use extra controllers to get it, even if it costs = them extra=20 IRQs.=20 Other people don't have IRQs to burn and may not even want to = use the=20 secondary IDE controller. I assume that most people will not = disable the=20 secondary IDE/ATA channel just to save an IRQ, though this is an = option=20 if you have only two devices.=20
Finally, remember that choosing an ideal drive configuration = is=20 really an optimization; in most cases the differences between = various=20 alternatives are not enormous.

These are my recommendations for the more common mixtures of up = to five=20 hard disks and/or ATAPI (optical, tape, removable storage) = drives:

Hard Disks	ATAPI Devices	Notes
1	0	This is fairly uncommon today, since almost = all=20 systems have at least one optical drive. The best = configuration is=20 to use the primary master for the hard disk and disable the=20 secondary controller (to save one IRQ).
1	1	The most common default configuration. = Unless system=20 resources are very tight, put the hard disk as a single = drive on the=20 master channel, and the ATAPI drive on the secondary=20 channel.
2	1	The best configuration is to put each device = on a=20 separate channel through the use of a third IDE/ATA channel. = If only=20 two channels are available, it is generally best to put the = fastest=20 drive as a single device on the primary channel, the second = hard=20 disk as the master on the secondary channel, and the ATAPI = as the=20 slave on the secondary.
1	2	This is a common configuration when a second = ATAPI=20 device is added to a new system; the best configuration = depends on=20 what that device is. In general, put the hard disk by itself = and=20 share the secondary channel between the two ATAPI drives. = However,=20 if your two drives are a CD-ROM and a CD-RW drive, and you = are doing=20 a lot of copying from the CD-ROM drive to the CD-RW, you may = have=20 better luck separating those devices onto separate=20 channels.
2	2	For optimal performance, buy an add-in = controller card=20 and use all four channels for the four devices. If you have = three=20 channels, then put the boot drive by itself on the primary = channel,=20 and then split the remaining three devices on the secondary = and=20 tertiary channels as described in the row just above. If you = have=20 only two channels, there are several options. I would put = the=20 fastest drive as the boot device on the primary master, and = whatever=20 drive is the least used as the slave on that channel. Then = put the=20 other two devices on the secondary channel. Avoid putting = drives=20 that can't be run in Ultra DMA with the boot=20 device.
3	1	Fairly similar configuration to the two rows = above.=20 Use four channels if possible. If there are three put the = two=20 slowest devices together. If there are only two channels, = configure=20 as for the 2+2 option above.
1	3	Same as for 3+1 just = above.
3	2	If you have more than four devices, you will = need to=20 add a controller to get a third IDE/ATA channel--or get rid = of one=20 of your devices. ;^) The best option is to add a PCI-based = IDE/ATA=20 controller card, which will give you four channels. If this = is the=20 case, put the three fastest or more used devices on their = own=20 channels, and the two slowest devices together. If you have = three=20 channels, put the boot drive by itself and split the other = four=20 drives up over the remaining two channels as described in = the=20 discussion for the 2+2 case.
2	3	Same as for 3+2 just=20 above.

Next: Small = Computer=20 Systems Interface (SCSI)

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